INCOTERMS 2010

Since 1921, ICC has made various studies to translate the terms used in foreign trade into a “single and common” language. The aim here is to prevent the parties from misunderstanding each other by determining the costs, risks, and liabilities in the delivery of freight to buyers and sellers in international trade. Incoterms rules, as ICC's own terms, are included in the contracts for the sale of international goods and provide rules and guidance for importers, exporters, lawyers, shippers, insurers and international trade students. Consisting of three letter commercial terms, this set of rules regulates the duties, costs and damage to the parties in delivering the goods from the seller to the buyer.

ICC has gathered its work in books in which commercial terms are explained. While the first book consisted of 6 commercial terms in 1928, a total of 10 separate books were published in which new terms were added in parallel with the needs that emerged over the years and some of them were issued. The last book was published on October 16, 2010 and came into effect on January 1, 2011.

If we briefly summarize the differences of Incoterms 2010, we must first mention the change in the number of terms. By removing 4 terms in Incoterms 2010 and Incoterms 2000, 2 terms were added instead and the number of 13 terms was reduced to 11. The terms DAF, DES and DDU are replaced by DAP; The term DEQ has been replaced by DAT with a broader definition. As an example of the reasons causing the need for Incoterms 2010, we can give the need to abandon the concept of "overcoming the handrail" in the transition of damage, the introduction of the rules in domestic trade, and the need for chain sales.

* For the full publication please refer to the Turkish version.